My last birthday free essay sample

I will never forget my last birthday. It was on February 2 2013, when I was going to be 13 years old. That day was very special and the best birthday that I have had, because there were many things that made my last birthday important for me. That day I woke up at 6:00 am, because my parents sang me a special song and they gave me some presents, also my siblings and my parents gave me many hugs, then my cousin Diane arrived to my house and she gave me a box of chocolates and a CD of my favorite rapper, it was the most beautiful present and for this reason I was very happy that morning. Well in the afternoon many of my friends called me and told me CONGRATULATIONS! You are old, now you can go out, have fun and you can do many things that before you could not do. We will write a custom essay sample on My last birthday or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These words made me very happy, because now I could go out with my friends and I could arrive late to my house. But I was a little sad, because my best friend did not call me and I thought that she had forgotten my birthday. After at 6:00 pm I was with my parents when I received a message, that was from my best friend Siani and she told me I have a surprise for you, I want to know if you can come to my house, and I told her of course, I thought that you had forgotten my birthday, and she said Did you believe it?, How? If you know that you are my best friend and for this reason I want that you come to my house, I told her yes, I will go, at what time? And she told me at 8:00 pm I will pick you up, see you!, and I said ok bye. At night Siani picked me up, and then when we arrived to her house, she opened the door, and all my friends were inside with many flowers and balloons, all my friends gave me a big hug and they sung my favorite song. Finally, we ate cake, partied, and we really enjoyed it. For these reasons I will always remember that day as the best birthday of my life and it has been the most important, because I was going to be 13 years old.

PC Solutions IT Professional Frank Wallace

Question: Write an essay on PC Solutions. Answer: Introduction This report is prepared on the company PC Solutions which provide people with the desktop computers. It was started by an IT Professional Frank Wallace who was the only founder of the company and started as a one-man brand. Initially it started with selling the desktop to the people who used them in their houses. But now the company grew up gradually and has around 75 employees who work under it (Roberts, 1996). This report is will provide an overview of the company and will explain about the problems faced by the company and how they can be overcome. It will explain about the strengths and the weaknesses of the organisational culture. It will recommend a plan for Frank for the areas in which something has to be changed with the ways of implementing the changes as well. And at last it will provide that which leadership role Frank should adopt for the best working within the organization. Problems faced by the Company PC Solutions doesnt work on a very large scale but yes looking to its growth from starting as a one-man brand now has 75 employees. As the organization doesnt have many members so it can be managed easily but still the companies face many problems. The organization is divided into four functional areas- Sales, Administration, Customer Services and Software Development. The company faces some or the other problem in every department. The main problems are the ones that have to deal with the customers (Huang, 2003). The customer satisfaction is must for every organization. The main problems faced by the IT companies are keeping the technology updated, marketing relations, customer service, focusing on the customer feedback. The main problem the company is facing is the management of all the functional departments. The management between the departments is very important. The main problem that should be considered by Frank is the management of activities and the coordination of the work between the departments. For example, if a person calls in the customer service department and complain about the software problem in the PCs then after solving his problem the message should be passed on to the Software Development Department for they should consider this problem and should try that it should not be repeated in the other PCs (Britton, 2013). This can only be done by looking as to why this problem occurred so as to consider them and find a permanent solution for it. The next problem that occurs a lot in almost all the IT companies including PC solutions as well is balancing between the Feedback and Focus. Sometimes the feedback that the customer gives after he uses a particular product is useful for the organisational development as he addresses the new features which he requires in that product. For example, a customer after using the Desktop computer says that it should be sleeker and should be more attractive in its look. So after listening to this particular feedback of the customer the company should focus on the designing of the desktop (Anderson, 1996). The feedback of the customers should be considered and focused as well but the company should never move out of its directions for the change. In other words, if the change needed by the customer will change the product value or its direction then it should not be considered as the feedback of the customer are according to their need and not according the vision of the company. The origina l focus of the company should not be lost. In other words, the originality of the product should be maintained. The customer satisfaction should be the priority of every company. As when the customer will be satisfied only then the company can grow. When the problems of the customers will be solved then they will have positivity towards the organisation which will in all attract more customers towards the organisation. The strengths and weaknesses of Organisations culture Organisations culture represents the organisations beliefs and the principles which have to be followed by the employees and the management. It includes the organisations vision and mission which each and every employee considers for the achievement of the specified goals. It is the pattern in the organisation by which every member solves the problems and deal with the situations in a particular manner. Every situation has an appropriate behaviour which can be used to overcome that problem (Riehle, 2010). Every new member is trained with the culture in the organisation so that he also knows the pattern of dealing with different situation in the organisation. The culture in every organisation is either strong or weak. The strong culture is the one in which all the employees of the organisation follows the appropriate pattern and doesnt slip in applying it. This is called a strong culture as all the problems in the organisation are easily solved by the employees by following their trained pattern (Cusumano, 1998). While on the other hand weak culture is the one in which the values and pattern of the organisation is not followed. The employees are not fully aligned towards that particular organisation behaviour. The culture in every organisation has its own strengths and weaknesses. First taking the strengths into consideration we can say that the strength of the company depends on the thickness of culture which means the amount of values and beliefs it consists (Stroube, 2002). The more values will have more pattern of appropriate behaviour which can provide the employees solutions for almost all the situations. Therefore, the thicker the culture of the organisation the smoother will be its working only if the employees clearly understand the organisational behaviour. In other words, we can say that the thick culture will contain more assumptions and values in comparison to the thin culture. Comparing this strength with our company PC Solutions we can say that the company is thick in its culture as every department is allotted with their own pattern of work and with their appropriate behaviour. The second measure of strength is the extent to which the employees share their experience in dealing with the problems in the organisation. The more the people will share their experience of dealing with the problems there will be an increase in the strength of the company as all the employees will be more sure about the actions that they have to take in dealing with the same situations. Comparing this strength with the company we can say that the employees of the company do not share much of their experience with each other. The company gets much benefit with the sharing process between the workers. The last measure of strength is the clarity in the organisation or we can say the more the transparent the working in the organisation the more it will lead to a better organisation (Martin, 2005). This is the strength of the PC Solutions. The working of the organisation is totally clear or transparent. The person in one department is fully aware of what is going on in the other departm ent. The weaknesses in the organisation affect the working of the organisation. The complexity of the work in the organisation is the weakness of any organisation. If the working in the organisation is complex than it will be difficult for the organisation to train their staff and give them the clear knowledge about the organisation (Swartzlander, 2013). Comparing to PC Solutions the working in the organisation is very clear. In other words, it is not complex. So this is not the weakness of the organisation. Sometimes people dont understand the core values in the organisation which can lead the company into failing direction. The company PC Solutions wants its employee to follow the core values specified. For example, PC Solutions takes more attention towards the customer services or customer satisfaction (Heckl, 2007). So if the new employees or even the old one do not understand this core value of the organisation it is of no use. Frank the leader of the company has to be stricter for that as sometimes some employees are careless for this matter. Sources of resistance to change Resistance to change is the unwanted changes in the organisation from the employees point of view or we can say that when the mere changes in the organisation is not acceptable by its employees. There are reasons why the workers resist changing. The main reasons for resistance to change are insecurity of the employees, poor communication in the organisation, feeling of exclusion if they will not understand it, any benefits or rewards (Lee, 2006). Whenever there is an application of change in an IT company then it is difficult for the employees to unite for the change. As they always want to stay away from the changes because mainly the changes are the updating the technology. So the daily changes in the organisation affect them a lot as they think that they again have to make a deep study to understand it. Sometimes the change doesnt get successful because of the poor communication in the organisation (Wong, 2006). The higher authorities dont communicate in a particular pattern which can be accepted easily by the people of the organisation. Same is with the company PC Solutions the people are not ready for the technology updates as there is a daily change in the technology which gets difficult for them to understand and apply it daily. Sometimes the people in the organisation are in the misconception saying that the change will decrease their value in the organisation. The people are more concerned about their own personal growth rather than the growth of the organisation as a whole. They are unable to understand the fact their growth is directly related to the growth of the organisation (Guide Jr, 2005). As there organisation will grow and be updated with the technology the people in the organisation will automatically grow. As far as planning is considered for PC Solutions the main problem comes in the acceptance of the new technology so the people allotted for bringing or communicating the change in the organisation should be trained very clearly and there should not be any problem relating to the poor communication in the organisation (Himeno, 2001). In other words, Frank should make clear to the changing authority that the people of the organisation should not complaint about the lack of communication from the higher authorities otherwise the people responsible for bringing the change should be penalized. Second problem is the misconception that the change in the organisation will bring a decrease in the position of the employees. This misconception can only be removed by keeping the rewards or benefits for the employees (Widmier, 2002). This will get sure positive results towards the changes in the organisation as the time they will see that the acceptance of change will get them a reward they will accept it as fast as they can for gaining the reward. Leadership by Frank Leadership is the best only when you can get some positive response from your followers. The more positive results mean the role played by the leader is correct. But it is not only related to the response by the followers it should first be compared to the outcomes or the results obtained in the organisation by the methods or strategies applied by the leaders (Wang, 2004). So here Frank can play a vital role in the working of the organisation by playing as a successful leader. Being a successful leader involves some steps that can be followed by Frank. The first step is the clear understanding and interpretation of the business environment. In other words, we can say that it involves the interpretation of the surroundings of the business with the internal environment (Mason, 2006). It is mainly getting the full knowledge about the working of the organisation and then analysing what is right and what is wrong for the organisation. The second step involves developing the strategies for the organisation according to the analysis done. This is a very important part of developing the strategies. The strategies so made should be according to the analysis done in the above step. The success of leadership depends upon this step. The right strategies developed will lead to the better working and growth of the organisation. The third step is the execution of the strategies in the same manner and in the same sense as developed. The correct execution of the strategy is very important otherwise the main use of the strategy will be dissolved. The execution is mainly the understanding of the people in the same sense as proposed by the leader (Breitzman, 2001). The main part is the method of communication which should be chosen very correctly which can lead the execution to either a direct success or failure. The last step involves measure the efforts of the leader on the organisation. That is the measurement of the impact that the strategies have upon the organisation. Whether the changes implemented to the organisation are giving a positive response or not (Wong, 2001). This is the clear leadership role that can be adopted by Frank for his company. The main point is to study the company clearly keeping in mind all the negatives and positives in the organisation. Conclusion PC Solutions is a very successful company as it has been showing growth in its working year after year. This report provides us with the overview of the organisation and mainly the changes that can be implemented for the upbringing of the organisation. The report presents a plan that can be implemented by Frank and the leadership role that can be followed by him for the better working in the organisation (Armistead, 2002). There are problems that will come in his way but the solutions to the problems are provided as well. He is leading the company from past many years so it will not be a difficult task to implement these changes. References Roberts, E.B. and Senturia, T.A., 1996. Globalizing the emerging high-technology company.Industrial Marketing Management,25(6), pp.491-506. Huang, C.W. and Chi-Pang, L., 2003. Using postponed manufacturing to reconfigure the supply chain in the desktop personal company industry: The case of Taiwan.International Journal of Management,20(2), p.241. Anderson, R.E., 1996. Personal selling and sales management in the new millennium.Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,16(4), pp.17-32. Riehle, D., 2010. The economic case for open source foundations.Computer,43(1), pp.0086-90. Stroube, B., 2002. Desktop open source.Crossroads,8(4), pp.18-19. Martin, D. and Martin, D.M., 2005.The company director's desktop guide. Thorogood Publishing. Heckl, D. and Moormann, J., 2007. Matching customer processes with business processes of banks: the example of small and medium-sized enterprises as bank customers. InBusiness Process Management(pp. 112-124). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wong, S.C., Crowder, R.M. and Wills, G.B., 2006, May. On a service-oriented approach for an engineering knowledge desktop. InProceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web(pp. 977-978). ACM. Guide Jr, V.D.R., Muyldermans, L. and Van Wassenhove, L.N., 2005. Hewlett-Packard company unlocks the value potential from time-sensitive returns.Interfaces,35(4), pp.281-293. Widmier, S.M., Jackson Jr, D.W. and McCabe, D.B., 2002. Infusing technology into personal selling.Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,22(3), pp.189-198. Mason, R., 2006.The Company Secretary's Desktop Guide. Thorogood Publishing. Breitzman, A.F. and Narin, F., CHI Research, Inc., 2001.Method and apparatus for choosing a stock portfolio, based on patent indicators. U.S. Patent 6,175,824. Wong, Y., Kammer, D. and Creemer, D., Palm, Inc., 2001.Product selling and pricing system and method. U.S. Patent Application 10/001,580. Armistead, C., Kiely, J., Hole, L. and Prescott, J., 2002. An exploration of managerial issues in call centres.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,12(4), pp.246-256. Britton, E.D. and Stewart, M.C., 2013. Selling to your employees through a worker cooperativeand sheltering your capital gain.Ohio Employee Ownership Center, Kent State University. Retrieved January,11. Cusumano, M.A. and Selby, R.W., 1998.Microsoft secrets: How the world's most powerful software company creates technology, shapes markets, and manages people. Simon and Schuster. Swartzlander, E.E., 2013. STARS: Electronic Calculators: Desktop to Pocket.Proceedings of the IEEE,101(12), pp.2558-2562. Lee, W.C. and Im, J.S., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 2006.Apparatus and method for installing software. U.S. Patent Application 11/604,330. Himeno, Y., Takagi, T. and Yagi, T., 2001.Method for producing/selling book using network and producing/selling system. U.S. Patent Application 09/914,898. Wang, J., Jin, B. and Li, J., 2004, October. An ontology-based publish/subscribe system. InProceedings of the 5th ACM/IFIP/USENIX international conference on Middleware(pp. 232-253). Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.. Mangold, W.G. and Smith, K.T., 2012. Selling to Millennials with online reviews.Business Horizons,55(2), pp.141-153. Gould, L.M. and Molinari, L., 1996, May. Information Central: Delivering Business Knowledge to the Desktop. InNATIONAL ONLINE MEETING(Vol. 17, pp. 119-126). LEARNED INFORMATION (EUROPE) LTD. Rind, B., 2007. The power of persona.The pragmatic marketer,5(4), pp.18-22.

Pillow Angel Ashley free essay sample

Their roles in this controversy were as enablers. The parents felt that because Ashley had brain damage they needed to stop her growth and menstrual cycle. Even though the procedures were controversial the parents were still seeking for a way to make it happen. The so-called â€Å"treatments† that were performed were breast bud removal to discontinue the growth of her breast, a hysterectomy to get rid of her menstrual cycle, and estrogen therapy to weaken her growth. (Peace, 2007, 5) The supporters for the disabled believe that the physicians will never comprehend the true value of their deeds. Dr. Douglas Diekema, who was the chairman of the ethics board of Seattle Children’s Hospital, stated that even he could not believe what the parents were asking he had to take in to consideration as to why they wanted the procedures done. (Gibbs, 2007,4) The treatment was not even tested yet and Ashley was not in any danger if she did not get the treatment. We will write a custom essay sample on Pillow Angel Ashley or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So was the treatment really beneficial to Ashley or more for her parents? For the sake of convenience, Ashley’s parents were willing to make an unethical request of doctors. They wanted the treatments for the sake of making it being easier for them to move her and the ability to continue to lift Ashley up for baths and being able to dress her. (Gibbs, 2007,5) Ashley was only 6 years old when her parents decided to have all the procedures done. At such a young age her parents took away her identity. (Gibbs, 2007,8) Could they not find a better way to handle this? There could be a chance of Ashley being able to move an electronic wheelchair with her head had they waited to see if she was capable of that. As much as the doctors wanted to help how far would they go to just to benefit the parents with the care of Ashley? â€Å"Turning people into permanent children denies them dignity and whatever subtle therapeutic benefit comes from being seen as adult. † (Gibbs, 2007, ) This is made even more unethical because her parent’s claimed to be college educated professionals and so their decision goes to prove that it was for convenience. The parent’s preference trumps Ashley’s fundamental human rights. Ashley’s parents were stunned at some of the comments that were posted on their chat boards. Some of the remarks were stating that they found the Pillow angel Ashley offensive and stated that it was â€Å"truly a milestone in our convenience society† and some just could not grasp the thought of why the parents chose this route. (Pilikington, 2007, 7) Would this treatment be tolerated if parents would want this for a healthy child? Mary Johnson who is an editor for Ragged Edge an online magazine for disabled activist said, â€Å"People have been horrified by the discrepancy. (Pilikington, 2007,  ¶8) Mary Johnson was frightened at the fact that if another child with a different disease would get the same procedure but not have the same effects as Ashley. The co-writer of Archives of Pediatrics amp; Adolescent Medicine, criticizing treatment for Ashley was an experiment without any research, stated that it was a â€Å"technological solution to a social program. † (Pilikington, 2007, 10) The confidentiality laws in medicine are important especially for cases such as these because of the backlash and controversy it can stir.

Bioethics Essay Topics to Consider

Bioethics Essay Topics to ConsiderIf you are looking for a way to get into an academic writing course, you will be pleased to know that there are many bioethics essay topics to choose from. Many topics require some form of research and analysis in order to provide a proper analysis of the issues involved. By preparing a quality essay on one of these topics, you can enhance your knowledge of the topic in order to write more thoughtful essays on similar topics in the future.One such topic is the philosophy of life and death, which discusses the ethical issues surrounding life and death. This is a very emotional subject, which many feel touches their deepest feelings. The essay should cover different angles of this difficult topic, such as the philosophical foundations behind life and death and the questions people ask. It should also address the different perspectives in regards to whether or not we should make decisions based on religious or philosophical grounds, or if medical scienc e should govern our decisions.Another ethics essay topic is the moral foundations of economics. This is a very complicated issue because economic decisions are often made based on the best interests of society, and not necessarily the betterment of the individual. You may be able to show how ethical decisions are possible, however this does not mean that such decisions should be disregarded. It may be a good idea to include some type of analysis of both the economic situation and the other factors that affect the decisions that are made.Perhaps one of the most controversial ethics essay topics is euthanasia. This involves the legal decision to end one's life in some cases, and many believe that euthanasia is immoral. You may be able to address this issue by discussing the ethical concerns surrounding this practice, such as how taking a life is a painful, irreversible process.One of the best bioethics essay topics is the human capacity for suffering. People have this capacity for man y things, and if you are able to show that suffering is a natural part of our lives, it will provide comfort to those who suffer, as well as provide a valuable lesson to society about the value of life. Perhaps a discussion about a popular movie that depicts the end of life, or even a work of fiction written about euthanasia, could give some insight into this topic.Perhaps one of the best bioethics essay topics is on the use of technological advancements to control other individuals. This includes the possible abuses to which this technology could lead to. If you are able to show how the advancement of this technology could affect society in a negative way, you will provide students with a strong foundation for future arguments on ethics and innovation.In conclusion, the field of bioethics has many bioethics essay topics that are very beneficial to all types of students. It should not be a very difficult topic to research, as many people can talk about it for hours on end. Even if y ou do not intend to get into an academic writing course, you can benefit from studying the topic of bioethics.

Perdón para migrantes protegidos por la sección 245(i)

Perdà ³n para migrantes protegidos por la seccià ³n 245(i) La seccià ³n 245(i) de la Ley de Inmigracià ³n y Nacionalidad (INA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) permite ajustar el estatus a personas indocumentadas y asà ­ obtener la tarjeta de residencia. El problema es que esta seccià ³n de la INA expirà ³. Sin embargo, algunos inmigrantes pueden estar todavà ­a hoy protegidos y, por lo tanto, podrà ­an pedir el ajuste de estatus. Quà © migrantes indocumentados podrà ­an beneficiarse de la seccià ³n 245 (i) Los inmigrantes que estn dentro de Estados Unidos en situacià ³n de indocumentados porque: entraron con visa y se quedaron ms tiempo del permitido.ingresaron al paà ­s ilegalmente sin pasar por un control migratoriocometieron alguna violacià ³n migratoria como, por ejemplo, aceptar empleo colocndose asà ­ en una situacià ³n de ilegalidad migratoria. Y no pueden arreglar los papeles sin salir de los Estados Unidos mediante lo que se conoce como un ajuste de estatus. Si salen de Estados Unidos tendrà ­an el problema de que automticamente se activarà ­a el castigo de los 3 o de los 10 aà ±os por presencia ilegal. Tener en cuenta que algunos indocumentados pueden ajustar su estatus por relacià ³n de cà ³nyuge, padre, madre o hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os con un ciudadano estadounidense. Pero incluso en estos casos no siempre es posible ajustar el estatus. Cules son los requisitos para estar estar protegido por la seccià ³n 245 (i) 1. Que el inmigrante tenga una peticià ³n de visa de inmigrante hecha   a su nombre por razà ³n de familia o de trabajo y que dicha peticià ³n se hubiera presentado el 30 de abril de 2001 o antes.   Es decir, tenga un certificado de trabajo (labor certification) o   una peticià ³n I-130 para familiar extranjero, I-140 para trabajador extranjero, I-360 para viudos o migrantes especiales. o I-526 para empresario extranjero a travà ©s del programa EB5. 2. Que la peticià ³n hubiera sido aprobada (puede ser posteriormente a esa fecha) 3. Y si la peticià ³n se presentà ³ entre el 14 de enero de 1998 y el 30 de abril de 2001, el beneficiario principal de la peticià ³n debe poder demostrar que estaba fà ­sicamente presente en los Estados Unidos a fecha de 21 de diciembre de 2000. Eso es para el beneficiario  principal,en no para el derivado. Por ejemplo, en los casos en los que un ciudadano pide a su hermano, à ©ste serà ­a el principal, y el derivado la esposa/o del pedido y sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Destacar que en el caso de familiares derivados, la relacià ³n de parentesco entre el beneficiario principal y el derivado debà ­a ya existir a fecha de 30 de abril de 2001.   Cà ³mo se pide beneficiarse de la proteccià ³n de la seccià ³n 245(i) Solicitante un ajuste de estatus (planilla I-485)Completando adems el suplemento I-485AEnviando toda la documentacià ³n de apoyoPagando la cuota del ajuste de estatus Antes de enviar cualquier planilla, asesorarse si realmente se califica. Asimismo, extremar el cuidado para cumplir con los requisitos de llenar correctamente los formularios. Quà © no se debe hacer si se cree que se es un buen candidato para esta proteccià ³n No salir de Estados Unidos mientras no se resuelve el asunto. Si se sale, en ese momento comienza a aplicar el castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aà ±os. A quià ©n no protege la seccià ³n 245(i) A las personas con un procedimiento de deportacià ³n abierto. Cundo la 245(i) no es suficiente para ajustar el estatus Es posible cumplir todos los requisitos para este perdà ³n pero que, finalmente, el ajuste de estatus se niegue y no se obtenga la tarjeta de residencia. Y es que para sacar la green card el migrante tiene que ser considerado admisible. Esto es, hay una serie de comportamientos o situaciones en el pasado del migrante que hacen imposible que pueda obtener los papeles, bien con carcter permanente o bien por un tiempo. A tener en cuenta para elegir la mejor opcià ³n y evitar fraudes Hay casos en los que podrà ­a aplicar la 245(i), pero realmente hay otras opciones que resultan mejores. Por ejemplo, una persona con una peticià ³n a su favor hecha en el aà ±o 2000 por un hermano ciudadano americano. Si esa persona ingresà ³ con visa y simplemente perdià ³ su estatus por quedarse ms tiempo del permitido y est ahora casada de buena fe con un ciudadano americano, podrà ­a ajustar su estatus sin necesidad de recurrir al 245(i). Sin embargo, si la misma persona del ejemplo, hubiera ingresado a Estados Unidos ilegalmente, no podrà ­a ajustar su estatus por el procedimiento regular y su opcià ³n serà ­a pedir la proteccià ³n del 245(i). Todos los casos de perdones son complejos y delicados. Lo mejor es siempre buscar a un abogado de inmigracià ³n reputado y con experiencia en el beneficio que se desea pedir.  Ã‚  Es cierto que en muchos casos es posible  solicitar un perdà ³n migratorio (waiver)  pero adems de cumplir con todos los requisitos, no es fcil obtenerlo. Por esta razà ³n, es aconsejable tener cuidado con las promesas que hacen algunos abogados inescrupulosos. Este artà ­culo no es consejo legal para ningà ºn caso concreto. Sà ³lo tiene valor informativo.

Harmonisation of International Accounting Standards Essay

Harmonisation of International Accounting Standards - Essay Example The cultural environment of a country plays a significant role in determining the development of its accounting standards and financial reporting system. Infact, it is supposed to have acted as the foundation stone upon which the origin of accounting rests. As Baladouni (1979, p326-327) points out that "the origin, content, or mode of being of accounting was found to be based on cultural and social forces". The accounting structure of a country depends upon social and cultural values prevailing in a society and hence the environment plays an essential role in the diversification of accounting standards among different countries. Mueller (1968) illustrated that the social and environmental conditions the development of accounting standards and principles are the currency composure and balance, legal and political pressures, segregation of ownership and control, economic development and literacy status etc. Nair and Frank (1980) said that the accounting principles and techniques of a c ountry are influenced by its cultural and economic environment. Baladouni (1979) further commented that the â€Å"cultural framework† specifies a group of institutions in the society, representing the most important part of its culture and the feature of general social activities that influence the development of accounting functioning. To assess the basis of distinctness and contrariness lying amongst various cultures, the research carried out by Hofstede is significant as it studies different dimensions.... y depends upon social and cultural values prevailing in a society and hence the environment plays an essential role in the diversification of accounting standards among different countries. Mueller (1968) illustrated that the social and environmental conditions the development of accounting standards and principles are the currency composure and balance, legal and political pressures, segregation of ownership and control, economic development and literacy status etc. Nair and Frank (1980) said that the accounting principles and techniques of a country are influenced by its cultural and economic environment. Baladouni (1979) further commented that the "cultural framework" specifies a group of institutions in the society, representing the most important part of its culture and the feature of general social activities that influence the development of accounting functioning. To assess the basis of distinctness and contrariness lying amongst various cultures, the research carried out by Hofstede (1980, 1983 and 1987) is significant as it studies different dimensions of drawing a comparison and distinction between different cultures prevailing in different nations influencing upon their accounting standards. The four dimensions pointed out by Hofstede (1987, p4-5) best illuminate the ground on which we can rest the reasons behind major cultural differences among various countries. These dimensions are as follows: Power Distance: This refers to the distance or balance of power between the giant and the small dwelling in the society. It is about how responsible a society evaluating the distribution of power among different members of the society. This aspect may vary form nation to nation as not every nation equally distributes the power among its members. Uncertainty

Russells On Denoting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Russells On Denoting - Essay Example Russell (1905) claimed that Meinong’s theory had difficulties as it â€Å"regard denoting phrases as standing for constituents of the propositions in whose verbal expression they occur†¦ This theory regards any grammatically correct denoting phrase as standing for an object† (p 482). And the main difficulty of this theory was that it was â€Å"apt to infringe the law of contradiction† (p 483). Russell’s critiqued on Meinong’s theory raised three important points: first, on the concept of subsistence. Russell maintained that if we presupposed that ‘It is false that A differs from B’, then ‘the difference between A and B does not subsist’. However, in Meinong’s theory since a denoting phrase was standing for an object, then, the denoting phrase ‘the difference between A and B’ must stand for an object. Therefore, the ‘difference between A and B’ must subsist. In this case, the self-contra diction was made apparent. As it was affirmed that ‘the difference between A and B’ must subsist (Meinong’s theory), so too the preposition ‘the difference between A and B does not subsist’ is affirmed on the statement â€Å"It is false that A differs from B†. (Sutler 1967). The second counter-argument rests on the concept of existence. Take the example ‘The King of France is bald.’ Again, using Meinong’s theory, as grammatically correct denoting phrase stand for an object then the statement must be true. But it is a known fact, within the frame of a particular time the preposition ‘the King of France is bald.’ does not stand or signify for any object.